In these charts time interval is a scale parameter. Concepts are described by the relative length of the time interval. This is not historical time.

Historical time runs across the bottom of a graph with the origin at the lower left.

For contrast time as a scale parameter runs across the top of the graph with the origin at the upper left.

         There are two criteria that guide this reconstruction.  One is simplicity.  The second is describing implications for models of dynamic social systems.  Two charts are defined by scale parameters.  One scale parameter is time interval, ranging from very short intervals, perhaps an hour or less, to very long intervals, perhaps millenia.  In natural science system models, longer time intervals define structural effects that represent long term casual effects.  Two examples are biology ranging from behavior to evolution and meteorology ranging from forecasting weather to forecasting climate.

         These causal effects from history also appear in social science system models.  In addition social science system models also include future time expressed as expectations.  In the case of choice behavior short term expectations can be described as expected value of a particular alternative whereas long term expectations can be described in moral or religious terms, perhaps millenial.  Cultural processes link the past to future expectations.

         The need to combine past time and future time in social science system models is one way to reconstruct the debate in nineteenth century German thought that opposed Naturwissenschaft to Geisteswissenschaft.  Both are needed.  For choice behavior Weber's modes of orientation describe structural effects from the past that constrain future expectations.

          Two charts can be described side by side.  Both have an origin at the upper left, with time interval defining the horizontal axis and population defining the vertical axis.  The left hand chart describes choice behavior.   The right hand chart describes contract.

         Choice behavior ranges from Marshall's marginal utility in the upper left corner to Weber's analysis of religion in the lower right.  Contract ranges from utilitarian concepts of negotiation and agreement in the upper left corner to Durkheim's conscience collective in the lower right corner.  Constitution and covenant express Durkheim.

         In choice behavior the intermediate space can described by game theory.  Strategy is the key concept that gives structure to future choices.  In longer time intervals strategy can define choice of lifestyles.  Veblen's Leisure Class and Weber's Protestant Ethic are examples.

         The lower left corner is crowds and mobs.  The upper right corner is individual morality.

         Contract, at the lower left corner, approaches anomie, no structure.  Moving to the right is law enforced by a context of normative structures that define shared obligations.  At the far right is bonding as in fraternite' based on an emotional structure of sentiments.

          The two charts may be linked by describing contract as an outcome of deal making, and then describing rules as an outcome of contract.